Excercise 14.57
Prove that $\mathbb{Z}$ is a principal ideal domain.
Proof.
Let $I$ be an ideal of $\mathbb{Z}$. By the Well-Ordering Principle, pick the smallest natural number $a$ in $I$. Since $I$ is an ideal, $a\mathbb{Z}\subset I$.
Assume for contradiction that there exists $b\in I$ such that $b\not\in a\mathbb{Z}$. There exists $b'$ such that $b=an+b' (n\in\mathbb{Z},\ 0<b'<a)$. Then $b\in I, an\in I$, so $b'\in I$. This contradicts the fact that $a$ is the smallest natural number in $I$. Therefore, $I=a\mathbb{Z}$ and $I$ is a principal ideal.
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